Reversible redox switching of magnetic order and electrical conductivity in a 2D manganese benzoquinoid framework

Abstract

Materials with switchable magnetic and electrical properties may enable future spintronic technologies, and thus hold the potential to revolutionize how information is processed and stored. While reversible switching of magnetic order or electrical conductivity has been independently realized in materials, the ability to simultaneously switch both properties in a single material presents a formidable challenge. Here, we report the 2D manganese benzoquinoid framework (Me₄N)₂[Mn^II₂(L²⁻)₃] (H₂L = 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxo-1,4-benzoquinone), as synthesized via post-synthetic counterion exchange. This material is paramagnetic above 1.8 K and exhibits an ambient-temperature electrical conductivity of σ_{295 K} = 1.14(3) × 10⁻¹³ S cm⁻¹ (E_a = 0.74(3) eV). Upon soaking in a solution of sodium naphthalenide and 1,2-dihydroacenaphthylene, this compound undergoes a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC–SC) reduction to give Na₃(Me₄N)₂[Mn₂L₃]. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm this reduction to be ligand-based, and as such the anionic framework is formulated as [Mn^II₂(L³⁻˙)₃]⁵⁻. Magnetic measurements confirm that this reduced material is a permanent magnet below T_c = 41 K and exhibits a conductivity value of σ_{295 K} = 2.27(1) × 10⁻⁸ S cm⁻¹ (E_a = 0.489(8) eV), representing a remarkable 200 000-fold increase over the parent material. Finally, soaking the reduced compound in a solution of [Cp₂Fe]⁺ affords Na(Me₄N)[Mn^II₂(L²⁻)₃] via a SC–SC process, with magnetic and electrical properties similar to those observed for the original oxidized material. Taken together, these results highlight the ability of metal benzoquinoid frameworks to undergo reversible, simultaneous redox switching of magnetic order and electrical conductivity.