Fabrication of graphite via electrochemical conversion of CO2 in a CaCl2 based molten salt at a relatively low temperature

Abstract

Fabrication of graphite by electrochemical splitting of CO₂ in a CaCl₂ molten salt is a promising approach for the efficient and economical utilization of CO₂. Systematically understanding the graphitization mechanism is of great significance to optimize the process. In this work, how pulse parameter and type of anode affect morphologies and crystallinity of graphite nanostructures were both investigated. The results indicate that the optimum current efficiency, energy consumption and highest degree of graphitization can be achieved by employing an appropriate pulse current parameter (T_on : T_off = 120 : 5), and with the utilization of a RuO₂–TiO₂ inert anode. The microstructure and morphologies show noticeable change by varying electrolytic conditions. In addition, the present study provides an insight into facile ways to improve the graphitization degree by electrochemical conversion of CO₂ at a relatively low temperature.