Polynitro-1,2,4-triazole-functionalized azo-furazans as high-performance and insensitive energetic materials

Abstract

Gem/trinitro-1,2,4-triazole-functionalized azo-furazan and its derivatives were synthesized by incorporating polynitro-1,2,4-triazoles in dense energetic azo-furazan. These energetic compounds were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The structures of 3 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The detonation properties, determined from the calculated heats of formation and measured densities, showed that all compounds possessed high energetic performances (v_D > 8049 m s⁻¹, P > 28.4 GPa). Furthermore, 8 (v_D = 9354 m s⁻¹, P = 39.2 GPa) was superior to the highly energetic explosive HMX (v_D = 9144 m s⁻¹, P = 39.2 GPa). The safety parameters associated with impact and friction sensitivities were investigated by using BAM, which showed the insensitive nature of compounds 6 (IS = 27.5 J, FS = 360 N) and 7 (IS = 22.0 J, FS = 240 N) and the rational sensitivities of 5 and 8 (IS > 4.9 J, FS > 160 N).