Ideal wet two-dimensional foams and emulsions with finite contact angle

Abstract

We present simulations that show that the equilibrium structure of an ideal two-dimensional foam with a finite contact angle develops an inhomogeneity for high liquid fraction ϕ. In liquid–liquid emulsions this inhomogeneity is known as flocculation. In the case of an ordered foam this requires a perturbation, but in a disordered foam inhomogeneity grows steadily and spontaneously with ϕ, as demonstrated in our simulations performed with the Surface Evolver.