Advice from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on riot control agents in connection to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Christopher M. Timperley; Jonathan E. Forman; Pal Åas; Mohammad Abdollahi; Djafer Benachour; Abdullah Saeed Al-Amri; Augustin Baulig; Renate Becker-Arnold; Veronica Borrett; Flerida A. Cariño; Christophe Curty; David Gonzalez; Michael Geist; William Kane; Zrinka Kovarik; Roberto Martínez-Álvarez; Robert Mikulak; Nicia Maria Fusaro Mourão; Slawomir Neffe; Evandro De Souza Nogueira; Ponnadurai Ramasami; Syed K. Raza; Valentin Rubaylo; Ahmed E. M. Saeed; Koji Takeuchi; Cheng Tang; Ferruccio Trifirò; Francois Mauritz van Straten; Alejandra G. Suárez; Farhat Waqar; Paula S. Vanninen; Mohammad Zafar-Uz-Zaman; Slavica Vučinić; Volodymyr Zaitsev; Mongia Saïd Zina; Stian Holen; Fauzia Nurul Izzati

doi:10.1039/C8RA08273A

Advice from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on riot control agents in connection to the Chemical Weapons Convention†

Christopher M. Timperley,

*^a Jonathan E. Forman,

*^b Pal Åas,^c Mohammad Abdollahi,^d Djafer Benachour,^e Abdullah Saeed Al-Amri,^f Augustin Baulig,^g Renate Becker-Arnold,^h Veronica Borrett,^ij Flerida A. Cariño,^k Christophe Curty,

^l David Gonzalez,

^m Michael Geist,^h William Kane,ⁿ Zrinka Kovarik,^o Roberto Martínez-Álvarez,

^p Robert Mikulak,^q Nicia Maria Fusaro Mourão,^r Slawomir Neffe,^s Evandro De Souza Nogueira,^t Ponnadurai Ramasami,

^u Syed K. Raza,^v Valentin Rubaylo,^w Ahmed E. M. Saeed,^x Koji Takeuchi,^y Cheng Tang,^z Ferruccio Trifirò,^aa Francois Mauritz van Straten,^ab Alejandra G. Suárez,^ac Farhat Waqar,^ad Paula S. Vanninen,^ae Mohammad Zafar-Uz-Zaman,^af Slavica Vučinić,^ag Volodymyr Zaitsev,

^ahai Mongia Saïd Zina,^aj Stian Holen^ak and Fauzia Nurul Izzati^al

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a OPCW Scientific Advisory Board Chair, 2015–2018, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
E-mail: cmtimperley@dstl.gov.uk

^b Secretary to the OPCW Scientific Advisory Board and Science Policy Adviser, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), The Hague, The Netherlands
E-mail: jonathan.forman@opcw.org

^c Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), Kjeller, Norway

^d Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, The Islamic Republic of Iran

^e LMPMP, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif-1, Algeria

^f Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

^g Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale (SGDSN), Paris, France

^h BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany

ⁱ BAI Scientific, Melbourne, Australia

^j University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

^k Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines

^l Spiez Laboratory, Spiez, Switzerland

^m Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

ⁿ Consultant to Monsanto Company, Louisiana, USA

^o Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia

^p Complutense University, Madrid, Spain

^q United States Department of State, Washington, D.C., USA

^r ABIQUIM, Brazilian Chemical Industry Association, São Paulo, Brazil

^s Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

^t Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC), Brazilia, Brazil

^u Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius

^v Institute of Pesticides Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, Haryana, India

^w State Scientific Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology (GosNIIOKhT), Moscow, Russian Federation

^x Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan

^y National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan

^z OPCW Scientific Advisory Board Vice-Chair, 2015–2018, Office for the Disposal of Japanese Abandoned Chemical Weapons, Ministry of National Defence, Beijing, China

^aa Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

^ab South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd., Pretoria, South Africa

^ac Scientific Advisory Board Chair, 2014, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina

^ad Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan

^ae VERIFIN, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

^af National Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM), Islamabad, Pakistan

^ag National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia

^ah Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

^ai Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

^aj Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Tunis, Tunisia

^ak Secretary to the OPCW Scientific Advisory Board, 2011–2015, OPCW, The Hague, The Netherlands

^al Intern at the OPCW, The Hague, The Netherlands

Abstract

Compounds that cause powerful sensory irritation to humans were reviewed by the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in response to requests in 2014 and 2017 by the OPCW Director-General to advise which riot control agents (RCAs) might be subject to declaration under the Chemical Weapons Convention (the “Convention”). The chemical and toxicological properties of 60 chemicals identified from a survey by the OPCW of RCAs that had been researched or were available for purchase, and additional chemicals recognised by the SAB as having potential RCA applications, were considered. Only 17 of the 60 chemicals met the definition of a RCA under the Convention. These findings were provided to the States Parties of the Convention to inform the implementation of obligations pertaining to RCAs under this international chemical disarmament and non-proliferation treaty.

RSC Advances

Advice from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on riot control agents in connection to the Chemical Weapons Convention†

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