Silver ions blocking crystallization of guanosine-based hydrogel for potential antimicrobial applications

Abstract

In this work, the detailed crystallization process of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine (^FG_d) hydrogel has been studied using single crystal X-ray diffraction, variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT-NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both solid and solution results indicated that the K⁺-mediated G-quartet structures were unstable and easily resulted in the breakdown of the hydrogel to form linear ribbon structures by forming mimic reverse Watson–Crick base pairs between the two faces with an intermolecular hydrogen-bond (N10H–O11). Accordingly, Ag⁺ was introduced to block the crystallization of ^FG_d to form long lifetime stable supramolecular hydrogel (>6 months) and possible silver-ions-mediated base pair motifs were suggested via NMR, UV, and mass spectroscopy (MS) in combination with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). Furthermore, ^FG_dAg hydrogel exhibited low toxicity for normal oral keratinocyte cells (NOK-SI) and good antibacterial activities for Fusobacterium nucleatum in vitro.