Retracted Article: Surface modified composite nanofibers for the removal of indigo carmine dye from polluted water

Abstract

Surface coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs) with 3-mercaptopropionic acid were immobilized on amidoximated polyacrilonitrile (APAN) nanofibers using electrospinning followed by crosslinking. The prepared composite nanofibers were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR). The composite nanofiber was evaluated for the removal of indigo carmine dye from aqueous solutions. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, solution pH and adsorption equilibrium isotherms were studied. The adsorption of indigo carmine was found to be greatly affected by solution pH. The maximum loading capacity was determined to be 154.5 mg g⁻¹ at pH = 5. The experimental kinetic data were fitted well using a pseudo-first order model. The adsorption isotherm studies showed that the adsorption of indigo carmine fits well with the Langmuir model. The reuse of the composite nanofiber was also investigated in which more than 90% of indigo carmine was recovered in 5 min. The results of stability studies showed that the adsorption efficiency can remain almost constant (90%) after five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles.