CB3E2q (q = ±1): a family of “hyparene” analogues with a planar pentacoordinate carbon

Abstract

A CB₃ moiety extracted from the building units of milestone “hyparenes” (families of species with a planar pentacoordinate carbon (ppC)) was found to be a more basic building block, which can be employed to design a family of “hyparene” analogues CB₃E₂^q (q = ±1) also with a ppC. The majority of main group elements can feasibly serve as the E atom. Despite the number of valence electrons, the ppC atoms in the CB₃E₂^q (q = ±1) species were involved in three delocalized σ orbitals and a delocalized π orbital, so the carbon atom obeys the octet rule. The NICS studies indicated that these ppC structures are σ and π double aromatic. Given that most of them are less favourable in energy than their boron-centered isomers, it is remarkable that the global minimum of CB₃Mg₂⁻ adopts the ppC arrangement. Such a ppC structure is also kinetically stable. Compared to previously reported anionic ppC global minima, CB₃Mg₂⁻ does not contain hyper toxic beryllium and thus is much more attractive to our experimental colleagues for realizing the ppC species using negative ion photoelectron detachment spectroscopy.