Trace determination of chlorpheniramine in human plasma using magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction based on a graphene oxide/Fe3O4@polythionine nanocomposite combined with high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

Graphene oxide/Fe₃O₄@polythionine (GO/Fe₃O₄@PTh) nanocomposite was fabricated as a new and promising sorbent for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolent detection (HPLC) of chlorpheniramine in human plasma. To fabricate the sorbent, thionine was polymerized on the surface of magnetic GO via an oxidative polymerization in order to produce polythionine as a surface modifier and obtain reasonable extraction yield. The characteristics of the sorbent were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The calibration curve revealed linearity in the range of 2.0–550.0 ng mL⁻¹ with a regression coefficient corresponding to 0.995. Limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) were 0.4 and 2.0 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. A desired recovery range of 87.9–96.4% and acceptable intra-day (4.1–5.0%) and inter-day (4.9–5.6%) precision as well as remarkable sample clean up showed the good efficiency of the method. To investigate the practical suitability of the proposed method, it was applied for the determination of chlorpheniramine in human plasma after oral administration of the drug while some pharmacokinetic data were achieved. This technique proved to be reliable and green for screening purposes.