Mechanically robust, multifunctional and nanofibrous membranes for tuberculosis elimination

Abstract

M. tuberculosis H37Ra is one of the most virulent microbes in the world; it causes endemic and neglected disease that is highly drug resistant, and no vaccine has yet been created for it. In this present study, mechanically robust and potent antibacterial membranes were fabricated for total elimination of water and airborne tuberculosis (TB) bacteria. Via simple electrospinning, a multi-component, water-based solution containing nanofunctional and antibacterial materials led to a thermally and chemically stable nanofibrous membrane with water-repellent, UV-resistant, and antibacterial properties. The liquid- and air-permeable multifunctional nanofibrous membrane contains distributed fibers with two distinct characteristic sizes, proven to be unique physical origins of its exceptional sharp tensile strength and elongation percentage. Concerns over the unfavorable release of nanosilver into the environment and human respiratory systems were palliated by a unique approach for in situ formation of a chemical network that trapped the concerned entities. The nanomembrane not only could effectively filter the M. tuberculosis H37Ra bacteria, but could also completely exterminate them by a process involving cell membrane destabilization via direct contact of the inherently intact lipid–protein bilayers with the nanofibrous network with embedded lethal nanosilver. Finally, the persistent physical integrity of the membrane after harsh simulated weathering indicates its potential and extended usage as a nanofilter in remote areas where TB is endemic.