A novel electrochemiluminescence sensor for bisphenol A determination based on graphene–palladium nanoparticles/polyvinyl alcohol hybrids

Abstract

Herein, graphene–palladium nanoparticles (PdNP–GR) were synthesized and dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to obtain a PdNP–GR/PVA composite. The composite was used to establish a novel Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing platform for the sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA). The electrochemical and ECL responses of BPA on the PdNP–GR/PVA-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were greatly enhanced as compared to those on PVA/GCE or bare GCE. It was found that PdNP–GR exhibited good electron transfer ability and catalytic activity. In addition, the ECL signal on the Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/PdNP–GR/PVA composite-modified electrode was greatly amplified by BPA. Under optimum conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained for the ECL intensity versus the logarithm of BPA concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M, with the detection limit of 2.5 × 10⁻¹¹ M (S/N = 3). The fabricated sensing platform was successfully applied for the detection of BPA in baby bottle, and relatively satisfactory recoveries were obtained.