Determination of bismuth(iii) in environmental and pharmaceutical samples using an organic reagent

Abstract

A new, selective, and highly sensitive nanodrop spectrophotometric (NDS) method was developed for the determination of bismuth(III) with iodide and N-octylacetamide (N-OAA). The extraction of the Bi(III)–iodide–N-OAA complex was carried out using a synthesized organic reagent, i.e. chloroform solutions of various amides, such as N-phenylacetamide and N-alkylacetamide, were tested. Among these amides, N-octylacetamide (N-OAA) was selected, which produced Bi(III)–iodide–N-OAA complex and gave the highest absorptivity. The apparent value of the molar absorptivity of the complex with respect to Bi(III) was 7.2 × 10⁵ L mol⁻¹ cm at λ_max 365 nm (a ≥ 5 fold enrichment). The system obeyed Beer's law in the range from 0.1 to 7.0 μg mL⁻¹. The detection limit and % RSD of the method were 36.0 μg L⁻¹ and ±1.44%, respectively. The correlation coefficient, slope, and intercept values were 0.999, 0.328, and 0.011, respectively. The method is highly sensitive and relevant for the rapid determination of Bi(III) in environmental and pharmaceutical samples in micro levels. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of Bi(III) in environmental and pharmaceutical samples.