Producing pyridines via thermo-catalytic conversion and ammonization of glycerol over nano-sized HZSM-5

Abstract

In this study, nano-sized HZSM-5 catalysts with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized and employed for producing pyridines from glycerol via a thermo-catalytic conversion and ammonization (TCC-A) process. The catalytic performance of micro-sized HZSM-5 and nano-sized HZSM-5 was studied firstly. The nano-sized HZSM-5 showed better catalytic performance in pyridine production in the TCC-A process due to its smaller particle size. When the nano-sized HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 25) served as the catalyst, and the reaction temperature was about 550 °C with the weight hourly space velocity of glycerol to catalyst at 1 h⁻¹ and the ammonia to glycerol ratio at 12 : 1, the highest yield of pyridines was up to 42.1%, which was much higher than that when using micro-sized HZSM-5 (35.6%) reported before. In addition, nano-sized HZSM-5 also showed a better catalytic performance than micro-sized HZSM-5 in the catalytic conversion of bio-derived furans to produce indoles. After five reaction/regeneration cycles, the catalytic performance of nano-sized HZSM-5 slightly decreased compared with the first run, but was still higher than that of micro-sized HZSM-5.