Issue 73, 2016, Issue in Progress

Imidazole-appended 9,10-anthracenedicarboxamide probe for sensing nitrophenols and selective determination of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in an EtOH–water medium

Abstract

A novel imidazole-appended anthracenedicarboxamide “switch-off” probe, AIM-D, was designed and synthesized for nitrophenol sensing. AIM-D selectively detected 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) relative to other nitrophenol derivatives through a ratiometric fluorescence response in 1 : 1 EtOH–H2O and exhibited a large Stern–Volmer quenching constant (Ksv = 2.69 × 107 M−1) and a binding ratio of 1 : 2. Mono- and dinitrophenols also quenched anthracene emission to a moderate (∼37%) or great (∼80%) extent depending on the position(s) of the nitro group(s) on the aromatic ring. The limit of detection of TNP with AIM-D was 1 ppb. The selective ratiometric discrimination of TNP over other nitrophenols was attributed mainly to protonation-induced electron transfer aided synergistic coulombic, multiple hydrogen bonding and πan–πTNP interactions in a symmetrical manner. Monomer quenching resulted from resonance energy transfer and a new enhancement at 520 nm occurred as a result of the effective inhibition of intramolecular charge transfer through intermolecular sequential opposite charge flow between AIM-D and TNP. However, mono- and dinitrophenol sensing attributed to the nitro group oriented resonance energy transfer from the latter to the former without inducing protonation at imidazole resulted in only monomer band quenching. An AIM-D coated paper strip was applied to the detection of nitrophenols in sea and river water samples and showed a limit of detection of 20 nM. The interaction of AIM-D with nitrophenols was examined by UV-visible, fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectrometry and supported by DFT calculations.

Graphical abstract: Imidazole-appended 9,10-anthracenedicarboxamide probe for sensing nitrophenols and selective determination of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in an EtOH–water medium

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
07 Jul 2016
Accepted
12 Jul 2016
First published
12 Jul 2016

RSC Adv., 2016,6, 68627-68637

Imidazole-appended 9,10-anthracenedicarboxamide probe for sensing nitrophenols and selective determination of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in an EtOH–water medium

A. Pandith, A. Kumar and H. S. Kim, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 68627 DOI: 10.1039/C6RA17407H

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements