A novel oxaphenalenone, penicimutalidine: activated production of oxaphenalenones by the diethyl sulphate mutagenesis of marine-derived fungus Penicillium purpurogenum G59

Abstract

A novel oxaphenalenone, penicimutalidine (1), was isolated from a fungal mutant generated through the diethyl sulfate (DES) mutagenesis of marine-derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59 along with three known oxaphenalenones (2–4). The structure of 1, including the absolute configuration, was determined by spectroscopic methods, including TDDFT electronic CD calculations. HPLC-UV/HPLC-MS analyses verified that 1–4 were only produced in the mutant through the activation of silent biosynthetic pathways in the parent strain by DES mutagenesis.