Novel enzymatic glucose biosensor based on distributed electrodes covered with a solvothermal synthesized graphene material and platinum nanoparticles

Abstract

The progress of nanotechnology has encouraged scientists to continuously pursue new electrode materials for forming improved electrochemical platforms for sensing. In this study, an environmentally friendly reducing agent and optimum time were utilized to synthesize solvothermal-assisted reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) that can be easily exfoliated in a coating solution and substituted on the microelectrode surface. Series connected distributed sensing electrodes were fabricated and patterned with TRGO decorated platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), chitosan–enzyme composites, and Nafion, which were integrated onto the modified surface for effective glucose detection. The developed biosensor demonstrated good current response to glucose with a high sensitivity, short response time, and low detection limit of 41.18 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², 5 s, and 0.0019 mM, respectively. The interference phenomena, reproducibility and the durability of the biosensor, were also examined. In addition, glucose levels in human urine were tested for a practical assessment of the proposed biosensor, and the results indicate that the sensor had superior urine glucose recognition. These results reveal that this noble nanostructured electrode with high surface area and electrocatalytic activity offers great promise for use in enzymatic biosensor applications.