Chromogenic and fluorogenic multianalyte detection with a tuned receptor: refining selectivity for toxic anions and nerve agents

Abstract

In the present study, a chemical probe was finely tuned for the highly selective and sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic detection of toxic anions and a nerve agent. Studies on the binding sites, signaling units and spacers led to a receptor molecule, i.e., 2,7-bis-[3-(4-cyanophenyl)thiourea] fluorene 2, which detected multiple analytes such as fluoride, cyanide, and a tabun mimic. The optical responses obtained from all the three analytes were quite distinct from one another. More importantly, we have been successful in demonstrating the highly specific chromo-fluorogenic detection of a tabun mimic over other chemical warfare agents and reactive and non-reactive electrophilic interferents. In an attempt to mimic real-life scenarios, the applicability of our protocol was further extended to demonstrate the presence of a tabun mimic on solid surfaces, in the gas phase and in a spiked soil sample.