High energy density of quasi-solid-state supercapacitor based on redox-mediated gel polymer electrolyte

Abstract

A novel redox-mediated gel polymer (PVA–H₂SO₄–ARS) is prepared by introducing alizarin red S (ARS) into a polyvinyl alcohol–sulphuric acid (PVA–H₂SO₄) gel polymer system, and a symmetric supercapacitor using the gel polymer as electrolyte and activated carbon as electrode is also assembled. The PVA–H₂SO₄–ARS gel polymer has excellent bending, compressing and stretching mechanical properties. The introduction of ARS increases the ionic conductivity of the gel polymer, and improves the pseudocapacitance of the supercapacitor. As expected, the PVA–H₂SO₄–ARS gel polymer electrolyte has a high conductivity of 33.3 mS cm⁻¹, and the supercapacitor with PVA–H₂SO₄–ARS electrolyte exhibits a larger electrode specific capacitance (441 F g⁻¹) than the one with PVA–H₂SO₄ electrolyte (160 F g⁻¹) at the same current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹. Simultaneously, the supercapacitor with PVA–H₂SO₄–ARS electrolyte exhibits high energy density (39.4 W h kg⁻¹) and good charge–discharge stability. Therefore, this novel electrolyte has good prospects for improving the electrochemical performance of an energy storage device.