A combination risk assessment of paracetamol: electrochemical oxidation behavior and cytotoxic effect evaluation of paracetamol in the presence of N1,N2-dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine

Abstract

The cytotoxic effect of paracetamol in the presence of a diamine derivative was evaluated in liver cells. In this study, hydropyrazinoquinoxalinylidene-acetamide (HPQA), as an agent that is toxic to the liver, was synthesized in an electrochemical cell as a simulated body environment by an electrooxidation reaction. A direct electron transfer (DET) mechanism occurred during the process on the surface of the carbon anode. The electrochemical oxidation of paracetamol was studied using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry (CPC) techniques. The product was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and ESI-MS² after purification. The cytotoxicity of the final compound was evaluated using an MTT assay on the CCL-13 liver cell line. The results indicate that the presence of amine derivatives leads to an increase in the toxic effects of paracetamol in the human body. The cell viability at a concentration of 500 μg mL⁻¹ was 78% for paracetamol, whereas the viability of liver cells in the presence of the product was 18% at 168 μg mL⁻¹. A cycloaddition mechanism was suggested according to the overall results that were obtained.