Computational insights into the photophysical and electroluminescence properties of homoleptic fac-Ir(C^N)3 complexes employing different phenyl-derivative-featuring phenylimidazole-based ligands for promising phosphors in OLEDs

Abstract

The electronic structures and photophysical properties of three homoleptic iridium(III) complexes IrL₃ with C^N ligands, including 2a (L = 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole), 5a (L = 1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole), and 6a (L = 1-(3,5-diisopropylbiphenyl-4-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole), are investigated by means of the density functional method. Furthermore, seven new complexes are theoretically designed, including 1a (L = 1,2-diphenyl-1H-imidazole), 3a (L = 1-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol), 4a (L = 2-(2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)isophthalaldehyde), 1b (L = 2-(biphenyl-3-yl)-1H-imidazole), 2b (L = 2-(2′,6′-diisopropylbiphenyl-3-yl)-1H-imidazole), 3b (L = 2-(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-3-yl)-1H-imidazole), and 4b (L = 3′-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)biphenyl-2,6-dicarbaldehyde), to explore the influence of different substituents and different substituted positions on the electronic structures, phosphorescence properties, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) performance. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap is greatly decreased by introduction of the –CHO group into the phenyl ring (4a and 4b see Scheme 1—sketched structures for all the investigated Ir(III) complexes). As a result, their absorption and emission spectra present red-shifting leading them to be potential red-emitting phosphors. Other complexes are all blue-emitting materials, indicating that the effect of the substituted position on the emitting color is negligible. However, the addition of the substituent on the para-position of the phenyl ring in the phenylimidazole ligand would increase the quantum yield and electroluminescence (EL) performance compared with that on the imidazole ring.