A template for a planar tetracoordinate heavier group 14 atom: a global study of C2Si2Xq (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; q = +1, 0, −1)

Abstract

Through a global isomeric study, we computationally identified the first structural template C₂Si₂X that could encompass a planar tetracoordinate X for all the heavier group 14 elements X in the 0, +1 or −1 charge state. We thus significantly expanded the traditional 16/17/18ve rules to 19/20/21ve for ptX.