Mechanism and stability of spectrally pure green up-conversion emission in Yb3+/Ho3+ co-doped Ba5Gd8Zn4O21 phosphors

Abstract

A series of green-emitting up-conversion (UC) phosphors Ba₅Gd₈Zn₄O₂₁:Yb³⁺,Ho³⁺ were prepared by a modified sol–gel method, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were measured to characterize the crystal structure. The obtained UC samples emit dazzling green light and their spectra are composed of strong green emission peaking at 544 nm and negligible red emission peaking at 666 nm with the excitation of a 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser diode, assigned to ⁵F₄/⁵S₂ → ⁵I₈ and ⁵F₅ → ⁵I₈ transitions of Ho³⁺, respectively. The dependence of UC spectra on dopant contents, temperature and pumping power was employed to analyze UC emission color stability. The possible UC mechanisms and processes were proposed based on dependence of the UC emission intensity on pump power, and the lifetimes of green emission (⁵F₄/⁵S₂ → ⁵I₈) were also investigated to better comprehend the energy transfer (ET) process. The origin of spectrally pure green-emitting was discussed in detail by analyzing UC and down-conversion (DC) spectra in both the visible and NIR region by comparing that of the UC phosphor CaIn₂O₄:Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺ with highly efficient green emission. Results suggest that Ba₅Gd₈Zn₄O₂₁:Yb³⁺,Ho³⁺ phosphors with intense green emission and high color purity have potential applications in displays and illuminating technology.