Ternary Pd–Ni–P hybrid electrocatalysts derived from Pd–Ni core–shell nanoparticles with enhanced formic acid oxidation activity

Abstract

Ternary Pd–Ni–P hybrid electrocatalysts were synthesized through low temperature phosphidation of Pd–Ni core–shell nanoparticles. They show enhanced formic acid electro-oxidation activity compared to Pd, Pd–Ni and Pd–P nanoparticles, which is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the Ni and P components with Pd.