Aminocalix[4]arene monolayers as magnetoelastic sensor sensing elements for selective detection of benzo[a]pyrene

Abstract

A wireless magnetoelastic-sensing device for the selective detection of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is reported using aminocalix[4]arene (AC₄) monolayers as the sensor sensing elements and AC₄-modified Au nanoparticles (AC₄-Au NPs) as signal-amplifying tags. A sandwich-type detection strategy involves the AC₄ self-assembled on the Au-protected sensor surface and AC₄-Au NPs, both of which flank the BaP target in sequence. As the AC₄-Au NPs combined BaP absorbs on the sensor's surface, there is an increase in the mass load on the sensor, and consequently a decrease in resonance frequency. Under optimal conditions, the sensor shows a linear response to the concentration of BaP in the range of 1.04 × 10⁻⁷ M to 1.04 × 10⁻¹¹ M, with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10⁻¹¹ M. Other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and environmental pollutants show no interference on the detection.