Mimetic peptide and special antibody: promising agents for optimizing hapten-analyzing systems

Abstract

Immunoassays are simple, rapid, and cost-effective detection systems that are widely used for the detection of haptens in varied matrices. The detection of these small molecules is mainly in a competitive format because of their single epitope. Novel recognition receptors, such as nanobodies, anti-metatype antibodies, and anti-idiotypic antibodies, have opened up new realms for hapten analysis. This paper presents a review of the recent developments and applications of these promising agents to optimize hapten-analyzing systems. Immunoassay systems based on biosynthesized coating antigens and specific antibodies, as well as in combination with other detecting systems are discussed in detail.