Fluorous bispidine: a bifunctional reagent for copper-catalyzed oxidation and knoevenagel condensation reactions in water

Abstract

Fluorous bispidine-type ligands have been developed to facilitate its recovery and reusability and to demonstrate its bifunctional property as a ligand and base in copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation, the Knoevenagel condensation and tandem oxidation/Knoevenagel condensation in water under mild conditions. Application of the fluorous ligand was also extended to the surfactant-free copper-catalyzed allylic and benzylic sp³ C–H oxidation reaction in water. The fluorous ligands could be recovered using F-SPE with recovery ranging from 91–97% and could be reused five times with little loss of activity.