Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on a graphene/polyaniline composite film modified electrode and CdS quantum dot coated platinum nanostructured networks as labels

Abstract

A simple electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on graphene/polyaniline (GR/PANI) composite films modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was successfully fabricated. The GR/PANI composite film using graphite oxide (GO) and aniline as the starting materials was obtained through a new one-step large-scale electrochemical synthesis for the immobilization of the first probe. PNNs could be synthesized through the chemical reduction of H₂PtCl₆ by benzyl alcohol under microwave irradiation without the introduction of any surfactants, templates, or seeds. PNNs@CdS QDs were used as an excellent label with amplification techniques. Taking advantage of dual-amplification effects, the aptasensor could detect ATP quantitatively, in the range from 0.5 pM to 20 nM, with a limit of detection as low as 0.1 pM. The proposed ECL aptasensor should have wide applications in the diagnosis of genetic diseases due to its simplicity, low cost, and high sensitivity at extremely low concentrations.