High yield synthesis of nano-size g-C3N4 derivatives by a dissolve-regrowth method with enhanced photocatalytic ability

Abstract

Nano-size g-C₃N₄ derivatives were fabricated by a simple dissolve-regrowth method in HNO₃ solution followed by a calcination process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Z-potential, elemental analysis and IR are used to investigate the structure, composition and the properties of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the average size of the nano-size g-C₃N₄ derivatives increases with increasing calcination temperature. Methyl orange (MO) dye was used as the target pollutant to investigate the photoactivity of the samples. The pure g-C₃N₄ can only degrade about 1.1% MO, while the g-C₃N₄ derivatives calcined at 300 °C can decompose about 31.9% of MO in 4 h. Besides, when a small amount of methylene blue (MB) solution was introduced, the g-C₃N₄–HNO₃-300 can decompose about 75.8% in 4 h. The photoactivity of g-C₃N₄ was greatly enhanced after the modification process (especially with the assistance of MB). Additionally, this work supplied a simple method to modify materials with enhanced photoactivity. Finally, the possible reactive species and the possible mechanism were proposed based on Electron spin resonance (ESR) and XPS results.