A novel polymer containing phosphorus–nitrogen ligands for stabilization of palladium nanoparticles: an efficient and recyclable catalyst for Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions in neat water

Abstract

A new polymer containing phosphorus and nitrogen ligands was successfully synthesized, characterized and used for the stabilization of highly monodispersed palladium nanoparticles having an average diameter of 2–3 nm. The thermally stable heterogeneous catalyst was successfully applied in Suzuki–Miyaura and copper-free Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reactions of aryl halides under low palladium loading conditions. Reactions were proceeded in neat water without using any organic co-solvents. The catalyst was successfully recycled for the sample Suzuki–Miyaura reaction nine consecutive times with small drop in catalytic activity.