Elucidating the band structure and free charge carrier dynamics of pure and impurities doped CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite thin films

Abstract

CH₃NH₃PbI_3−xCl_x perovskite material has been commonly used as the free charge generator and reservoir in highly efficient perovskite-based solid-state solar photovoltaic devices. However, many of the underlying fundamental photophysical mechanisms in this material such as the perovskite transition band structure as well as the dependent relationship between the carrier properties and lattice properties still lack sufficient understanding. Here, we elucidated the fundamental band structure of the pure CH₃NH₃PbI_3−xCl_x pervoskite lattice, and then reported about the dependent relationship between the free charge carrier characteristic and the different CH₃NH₃PbI_3−xCl_x pervoskite lattice thin films utilizing femtosecond time-resolved pump–probe technologies. The data demonstrated that the pure perovskite crystal band structure should only have one conduction and one valence band rather than dual valences, and the pure perovskite lattice could trigger more free charge carriers with a slower recombination rate under an identical pump intensity compared with the impurities doped perovskite crystal. We also investigated the perovskite film performance when exposed to moisture and water, the corresponding results gave us a dip in the optimization of the performance of perovskite based devices, and so as a priority this material should be isolated from moisture (water). This work may propose a deeper perspective on the comprehension for this material and it is useful for future optimization of applications in photovoltaic and light emission devices.