Layer-by-layer assembly of a redox enzyme displayed on the surface of elongated bacteria into a hierarchical artificial biofilm based anode

Abstract

To achieve an efficient electron transfer communication between bacteria and electrodes, several strategies including enzyme surface display, bacteria elongation as well as layer-by-layer assembly techniques were used to assemble bacteria, methylene blue, multiwall carbon nanotubes, and carbon papers into hierarchical micro/nano artificial biofilm based bioanodes.