Centrifugal microextraction tube-cloud point extraction coupled with gas chromatography for simultaneous determination of six phthalate esters in mineral water

Abstract

A home-made centrifugal microextraction tube (CMET) was developed and applied to cloud point extraction coupled with microwave-assisted back extraction and gas chromatographic separation of six phthalate esters (PAEs) from mineral water. All phthalate esters were entrapped in the micelles of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 and removed from the bulk phase by centrifugation. The obtained surfactant-rich phase was treated with water-immiscible solvents, and the target analytes were back extracted by short-term microwave application and determined by GC-FID directly. The whole process was finished in the CMET. The proposed method demonstrated good performance concerning linearity (R² = 0.9977-0.9998), precision (2.3–5.7%), the limits of detection and quantitation (LOD, 11.5-19.3 μg L⁻¹; LOQ, 37.0-63.3 μg L⁻¹), spiked recoveries (89.1–96.3%) and enrichment factor (71-85). The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of trace amount of phthalate esters in mineral water. DBP and BBP were found in actual mineral water samples.