Modification of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 high potential cathode from the inner lattice to the outer surface with Cr3+-doping and Li+-conductor coating

Abstract

An approach for simultaneously modifying spinel LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode from the interior to the exterior is demonstrated. Cr³⁺-doping effectively eliminates the Li_xNi_1−xO impurity phase and improves structural stability. The introduced Li_0.1B_0.967PO₄ coating layer, which acts as an ion-conductor, provides both a favourable Li⁺ diffusion channel at the intergranular interface and a stable protective shell on the surface of the particles. Because of the combined effect of Cr³⁺-doping and Li⁺-conductor coating, LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ material exhibits excellent cycle stability and rate performance at high output voltage.