Issue 54, 2014

Comparison of microporous/mesoporous and microporous HZSM-5 as catalysts for Friedel–Crafts alkylation of toluene with ethene

Abstract

In this work we investigated the effect of mesopores in a standard zeolite used as a catalyst for Friedel–Crafts alkylation of toluene with ethene. A cationic polymer was used for templating mesopores in a microporous ZSM-5 framework. The mesopore-containing zeolite was compared with a regular zeolite with only micropores with respect to conversion, yield and selectivity. The two NaZSM-5 materials were prepared with the same Si/Al molar ratio and diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT-FTIR) confirmed that the acidity of the ion-exchanged forms (HZSM-5) were identical. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to determine the particle size of the zeolites, which was similar for the two HZSM-5 materials and nitrogen sorption was used to determine the surface area and pore size distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis displayed typical crystalline diffraction patterns for the ZSM-5 framework for both the microporous/mesoporous and the microporous ZSM-5 materials. The results from catalytic testing show an increase in the overall conversion of toluene for the zeolite that contains mesopores. Furthermore, a higher product yield (C9) is obtained for this catalyst. The increase in yield and conversion is most likely due to the mesopores; however, incorporation of mesopores in the microporous ZSM-5 framework gives only minor effects on selectivity with respect to mono- vs. dialkylation, and ortho : meta : para ratio. Consequently, this work shows that the presence of mesopores in a microporous ZSM-5 framework is beneficial for the reaction in terms of conversion of starting material and reaction yield but does not markedly affect the product composition.

Graphical abstract: Comparison of microporous/mesoporous and microporous HZSM-5 as catalysts for Friedel–Crafts alkylation of toluene with ethene

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
09 Mar 2014
Accepted
10 Jun 2014
First published
11 Jun 2014

RSC Adv., 2014,4, 28786-28793

Comparison of microporous/mesoporous and microporous HZSM-5 as catalysts for Friedel–Crafts alkylation of toluene with ethene

Z. Bohström, H. Härelind, B. Gevert, S. Andersson and K. Holmberg, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 28786 DOI: 10.1039/C4RA02056A

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