Long term and electrochemical corrosion investigation of cold worked AISI 316L and 316LVM stainless steels in simulated body fluid

Abstract

AISI 316L and 316LVM stainless steels in annealed (solution quenched from 1050 °C) and rolled (10% and 20% cold work) conditions were assessed for their long term and electrochemical corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. The techniques used for the characterization of their corrosion resistance were the weight loss method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphologies of the alloys after the polarization tests. Surface analysis of the films formed on the steels in SBF was carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The weight loss and corrosion rate decreased with increasing degree of cold working. The resistance of a passive film is directly related to the material's corrosion resistance and increases on cold working, indicating the formation of a larger protective oxide layer on the surface of cold worked samples. The corrosion current density (I_corr) decreased with increasing degree of cold working and, simultaneously, the corrosion potentials (E_corr) became more positive. On observing the pit morphologies using SEM, shallower and smaller pits were associated with cold worked samples as compared to annealed samples. The XPS results indicated that the main elements in the passive oxide layer were Cr, Fe and Mo. The Cr-oxide (ox) : Cr-hydroxide (hy) ratio and the Fe-oxide (ox) : Fe-hydroxide (hy) ratio were observed to be higher for rolled materials than for annealed materials, indicating that the passive films on rolled materials are more protective and improve the corrosion resistance.