Issue 5, 2014

Comparison of UVA-induced ROS and sunscreen nanoparticle-generated ROS in human immune cells

Abstract

Oxidative damage to cells and tissues from free radicals induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can be attenuated by sunscreen components, such as ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Although it is known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by cells upon exposure to ZnO and TiO2 NPs, it is unknown to what extent the amount generated is altered with UV co-exposure. As it is a critical component for determining the relative risk of these NPs when used in sunscreen formulations, we have investigated ROS generation by these NPs in human THP-1 monocyte immune cells following UVA co-exposure. Whilst the applied UVA dose (6.7 J cm−2) did not alter cell viability after 24 h, it induced significant ROS production – causing a 7-fold increase in intracellular peroxide and 3.3-fold increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels after 1 h. However, co-exposure to NPs and UVA generated the same or less ROS than with UVA exposure alone, with the exception of anatase TiO2, which showed significantly increased levels. These findings indicate that ROS generation from nanosunscreens is, in most cases, an insignificant contributor to the overall risk associated with oxidative stress from UVA exposure itself.

Graphical abstract: Comparison of UVA-induced ROS and sunscreen nanoparticle-generated ROS in human immune cells

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
12 Dec 2013
Accepted
05 Mar 2014
First published
06 Mar 2014

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2014,13, 781-788

Author version available

Comparison of UVA-induced ROS and sunscreen nanoparticle-generated ROS in human immune cells

C. Shen, T. W. Turney, T. J. Piva, B. N. Feltis and P. F. A. Wright, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2014, 13, 781 DOI: 10.1039/C3PP50428J

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