Developments in pesticide analysis by multi-analyte immunoassays: a review

Abstract

Multi-analyte immunoassays (MAI) are methods enabling the detection of multiple analytes in one test. MAI are being developed as simple and quick sample pre-treatment alternatives for the analysis of large numbers of samples on-site. To date, much effort has been focused on the development of MAI methods, such as enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIA), fluorescence immunoassays (FIA), and other immunoassays based on different solid supports or biosensors. These rapid and sensitive immunoassays could satisfy the requirements of pesticide detection in environmental samples and food products. The aim of this review is to summarize the main achievements attained so far and give a perspective of the analytical applications of MAI.