A novel calix[4]arene thiol functionalized silver nanoprobe for selective recognition of ferric ion with nanomolar sensitivity via DLS selectivity in human biological fluid

Abstract

A high concern for human health and safety has motivated dynamic research on the potential impact of transition metal ions and their toxic effects, thus it is very challenging to design transition-metal ion detection devices that are cost-effective, rapid and applicable to the biological milieus. Driven by the need to detect trace amounts of Fe³⁺ from blood samples, we report a highly selective and ultrasensitive calix[4]arene modified silver nanoprobe for Fe³⁺ recognition at the 9.4 nM level from aqueous solution with excellent discrimination against other heavy metals and biomolecules. The assembly was characterized by TEM (transmission electron microscopy), DLS (dynamic light scattering), UV-Vis, FT-IR, ESI-MS and ¹H NMR spectrometry, which demonstrate the higher binding affinity for Fe³⁺. The biosensor has been successfully applied to estimate the ferric ion in human blood serum as well as in human hemoglobin.