Detection and role of trace impurities in high-performance organic solar cells†
Abstract
Trace impurities in organic solar cells, such as those from residual
* Corresponding authors
a
Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
E-mail:
darling@anl.gov
Fax: +1 630-252-4646
Tel: +1 630-252-4580
b Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne, Illinois, USA
c Argonne National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Argonne, Illinois, USA
d The University of Chicago, Institute for Molecular Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, USA
e Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, Evanston, Illinois, USA
Trace impurities in organic solar cells, such as those from residual
M. P. Nikiforov, B. Lai, W. Chen, S. Chen, R. D. Schaller, J. Strzalka, J. Maser and S. B. Darling, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 1513 DOI: 10.1039/C3EE40556G
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