Anionic sulfonated and carboxylated PPI dendrimers with the EDA core: synthesis and characterization of selective metal complexing agents

Abstract

Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of new sulfonated and carboxylated poly(propyleneimino) (PPI) dendrimers with the ethylenediamino (EDA) core, at generations 1, 2 and 3. By means of UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopy, using Cu²⁺ as a probe, we concluded that these dendrimers show a specific pattern in the coordination of metal ions. In agreement with the UV-Vis studies, EPR spectra of carboxylated compounds are constituted by 3 different signals which appear and then disappear with increasing copper concentration, corresponding to the saturation of different copper complexation sites. At the lowest copper concentration up to a 1 : 1 molar ratio between Cu^II and the dendrimer, the spectrum is characteristic of a CuN₂O₂ coordination at the core of the dendrimer. The spectrum appearing at higher Cu^II concentrations indicates a peripheral location of the ions coordinating one nitrogen and 3 oxygen atoms in a square planar geometry in restricted mobility conditions. For the highest concentrations tested, copper ions are confined at the external dendrimer surface with CuO₄ coordination. For sulfonate systems, the EPR results are in line with a weaker interaction of Cu^II with the nitrogen sites and a stronger interaction with the oxygen (SO₃⁻) groups with respect to the interactions measured by EPR for carboxylate systems.