Methylene-bis[(aminomethyl)phosphinic acids]: synthesis, acid–base and coordination properties

Abstract

Three symmetrical methylene-bis[(aminomethyl)phosphinic acids] bearing different substituents on the central carbon atom, (NH₂CH₂)PO₂H–C(R¹)(R²)–PO₂H(CH₂NH₂) where R¹ = OH, R² = Me (H₂L¹111), R¹ = OH, R² = Ph (H₂L²222) and R¹,R² = H (H₂L³3333), were synthesized. Acid–base and complexing properties of the ligands were studied in solution as well as in the solid state. The ligands show unusually high basicity of the nitrogen atoms (log K₁ = 9.5–10, log K₂ = 8.5–9) if compared with simple (aminomethyl)phosphinic acids and, consequently, high stability constants of the complexes with studied divalent metal ions. The study showed the important role of the hydroxo group attached to the central carbon atom of the geminal bis(phosphinate) moiety. Deprotonation of the hydroxo group yields the alcoholate anion which tends to play the role of a bridging ligand and induces formation of polynuclear complexes. Solid-state structures of complexes [H₂NC(NH₂)₂][Cu₂(H₋₁L²222)₂]CO₃·10H₂O and Li₂[Co₄(H₋₁L¹111)₃(OH)]·17.5H₂O were determined by X-ray diffraction. The complexes show unexpected geometries forming dinuclear and cubane-like structures, respectively. The dinuclear copper(II) complex contains a bridging μ₂-alcoholate group with the ⁻O–P(O)–CH₂–NH₂ fragments of each ligand molecule chelated to the different central ion. In the cubane cobalt(II) complex, one μ₃-hydroxide and three μ₃-alcoholate anions are located in the cube vertices and both phosphinate groups of one ligand molecule are chelating the same cobalt(II) ion while each of its amino groups are bound to different neighbouring metal ions. All such three metal ions are bridged by the alcoholate group of a given ligand.