Issue 6, 2013

Low-voltage electromembrane extraction combined with cyclodextrin modified capillary electrophoresis for the determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental samples

Abstract

In the present work, low-voltage electromembrane extraction (EME) combined with cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary electrophoresis (CE) was applied for preconcentration and determination of some environmentally important pollutants, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butanoic acid (2,4-DB), and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) in environmental samples. During the extraction, phenoxy acid herbicides migrated from a 4 mL aqueous sample solution through a thin layer of 1-octanol impregnated in the pores of a hollow fiber, into a 20 μL basic aqueous acceptor solution present in the lumen of the fiber. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for optimization of different parameters related to extraction efficiency. The optimized extraction conditions were: 1-octanol as the supported liquid-membrane (SLM), 7 V potential difference, 24 min extraction time, donor phase pH 9.0 and acceptor phase pH 13.0. The method was reproducible so that intra and inter day RSD% were less than 4.8% by five replicate measurements for 70 ng mL−1 of each herbicide. The developed method provided linearity with correlation coefficient values higher than 0.997 over a concentration range of 30–500 ng mL−1 for 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, and 40–500 ng mL−1 for dicamba. The limits of quantitation and detection for herbicides were obtained in the range of 30–40 and 10–15 ng mL−1, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the extraction and determination of phenoxy acid herbicides from river water samples.

Graphical abstract: Low-voltage electromembrane extraction combined with cyclodextrin modified capillary electrophoresis for the determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental samples

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
23 Oct 2012
Accepted
09 Jan 2013
First published
11 Feb 2013

Anal. Methods, 2013,5, 1548-1555

Low-voltage electromembrane extraction combined with cyclodextrin modified capillary electrophoresis for the determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental samples

H. Tabani, A. R. Fakhari and E. Zand, Anal. Methods, 2013, 5, 1548 DOI: 10.1039/C3AY26252A

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