Oxy-bridged bis(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)furazan and its energetic salts paired with nitrogen-rich cations: highly thermally stable energetic materials with low sensitivity

Abstract

Energetic salts based on 4,4′-oxybis[3,3′-(1H-5-tetrazol)]furazan were readily synthesized and fully characterized by NMR (¹H, ¹³C), IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Bis(guanidinium) (6), bis(aminoguanidinium) (7), bis(diaminoguanidinium) (8) salts and carbonic dihydrazidinium(HBTFOF)₂ (13) were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All the salts exhibit excellent thermal stabilities with decomposition temperatures over the range 212–289 °C. The densities of the energetic salts ranged between 1.64 and 1.86 g cm⁻³. The detonation pressures and velocities were calculated to be between 19.7 and 30.8 GPa and 7266–8624 m s⁻¹, respectively. Impact sensitivities were found to be in the range 5–36 J. The relationship between salt structure and thermal stability was studied by NBO analysis for compounds 6, 7, and 8.