Extraction induced by emulsion breaking for metals determination in diesel oil by ICP-MS

Abstract

This present work proposes a new approach for diesel oil preparation for metals determination by ICP-MS. The proposed methodology is based on the extraction of the elements of interest into an aqueous phase employing the extraction induced by emulsion breaking procedure. In this approach, the diesel oil was emulsified with an acid surfactant (Triton X-114) solution in order to form a stable water-in-oil emulsion. Further, the emulsion was broken by centrifugation for 60 min at 3200 rpm, yielding two separated phases: (i) the upper organic phase, containing the diesel oil mixed with the surfactant and (ii) the lower acidic aqueous phase, containing the elements of interest that were extracted from oil. Then, the lower phase was collected, diluted and the analytes were determined by ICP-MS using the internal standardization method. The optimization of the methodology was carried out by analyzing the effect of several parameters that could affect the extraction efficiency such as the concentrations of HNO₃ and Triton X-114 in the solution used for emulsification (and extraction), the extraction and collection times and the calibration strategy. The limits of detection and quantification for the elements of interest (Al, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sn and V) were in the range of 26–88 ng L⁻¹ and 86–295 ng L⁻¹, respectively. The accuracy of the methodology was tested by the analysis of spiked samples, since there are no certified samples of diesel oil available in the market. The recovery percentages were in the range of 84–113%. The developed methodology was successfully applied in the metals determination in five commercial diesel oils of different brands.