Employing a new modified nanoporous carbon for extraction and determination of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine by SPE and use of the Taguchi optimization method

Abstract

Using the Taguchi method, the extraction of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine from aqueous samples by a solid phase extraction system has been studied. The extraction is based on a new nanoporous CMK-1 modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate and Fe³⁺. The structural order and textural properties of the modified sorbent were studied by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR techniques. The 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine were selectively adsorbed on this sorbent, and subsequently were recovered with dimethyl sulfoxide. The extraction efficiencies were measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The controllable factors such as pH, solution speed, sorbent mass, eluent volume and elution speed were optimized applying the Taguchi method. The results showed that the dynamic linear range exhibited a good linearity between 20 and 600 μg L⁻¹. The limits of detection for 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine were 8.75 and 10.1 μg L⁻¹ respectively and the extraction efficiencies were greater than 93% under the optimum conditions. Finally, this method was successfully applied for determination of these compounds in real samples.