Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor using PtAg@carbon nanocrystals composites as labels and carbon nanotubes-chitosan/gold nanoparticles as enhancer

Abstract

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was developed using PtAg@carbon nanocrystals (CNCs) as excellent labels based on carbon nanotubes-chitosan/AuNPs (CNT-CHIT/AuNPs) composite modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for prostate protein antigen (PSA) detection. The CNCs were obtained simply by electro-oxidation of graphite with abundant carboxyl groups at their surfaces. The PtAg bimetallic nanocomposites with hierarchically hollow structures were fabricated through simple replacement reaction using dealloyed nanoporous silver (NPS) as both a template and reducing agent. Structure characterization was obtained by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The PtAg@CNCs composites exhibit a 6 times higher ECL intensity than the pure CNCs labeled anti-PSA. The as-prepared CNT-CHIT/AuNPs composite can attach more antibody than pure CNTs. Due to the dual-amplification techniques, the concentrations of PSA were obtained in the range from 1 pg mL⁻¹ to 50 ng mL⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.6 pg mL⁻¹. Finally, the as-proposed ECL immunosensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity and stability and could become a promising technique for tumor marker detection.