Coaxial structured collagen–alginate scaffolds: fabrication, physical properties, and biomedical application for skin tissue regeneration
Abstract
Collagen is the most promising natural biomaterial and has been used in various tissue engineering applications for skin, bone, and cartilage because it provides good biocompatibility and low antigenicity. Although collagen is an excellent candidate material for various biomedical applications, its difficult processability and mechanical properties have remained important limitations. To overcome the problems, several methods including indirect printing combined with a sacrificing mold and low-temperature printing were suggested. However, it is difficult to fabricate precisely controlled 3D pore structure using the methods. In a previous study, we introduced a three-dimensional (3D) pore-structure-controlled collagen scaffold fabricated by a 3D dispensing system supplemented with a cryogenic and