Increasing the H+ exchange capacity of porous titanium phosphonate materials by protecting defective P–OH groups

Abstract

Hierarchically macro-/mesoporous titanium phosphonates with enlarged H⁺ exchange capacity were synthesized in the presence of a series of alkyl amines that acted as protective groups for the defective P–OH, which were used as promising solid acid catalysts to replace conventional liquid acid catalysts and acidic resins in some acid-catalytic reactions.