Determination of surface protein coverage by composite waveguide based polarimetric interferometry

Abstract

Deposition of a tapered thin film of Ta₂O₅ onto a single-mode, polarization-insensitive slab glass waveguide enables the resultant structure to serve as a simple, inexpensive yet highly sensitive polarimetric interferometer for trace, even ultra-trace, detection of chemical and biochemical analytes. By comparing the measured refractive-index sensitivity with that simulated based on a four-layer homogeneous waveguide, the equivalent thickness for the tapered layer of Ta₂O₅ and the sensitivity of the sensor to adlayer thickness were determined. Responses of the sensor to unspecific adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to surface antibody–antigen interaction were investigated in situ and the corresponding surface coverages were obtained with the adlayer-thickness sensitivity. The interferometer sensor shows good long-term stability and its phase drift is lower than π over 10 h.