High flow rate microfluidic device for blood plasma separation using a range of temperatures

Abstract

A hybrid microfluidic device that uses hydrodynamic forces to separate human plasma from blood cells has been designed and fabricated and the advantageous effects of temperature and flow rates are investigated in this paper. The blood separating device includes an inlet which is reduced by approximately 20 times to a small constrictor channel, which then opens out to a larger output channel with a small lateral channel for the collection of plasma. When tested the device separated plasma from whole blood using a wide range of flow rates, between 50 µl min⁻¹ and 200 µl min⁻¹, at the higher flow rates injected by hand and at temperatures ranging from 23 °C to 50 °C, the latter resulting in an increase in the cell-free layer of up to 250%. It was also tested continuously using between 5% and 40% erythrocytes in plasma and whole blood without blocking the channels or hemolysis of the cells. The mean percentage of plasma collected after separation was 3.47% from a sample of 1 ml. The percentage of cells removed from the plasma varied depending on the flow rate used, but at 37 °C ranged between 95.4 ± 1% and 97.05 ± 05% at 100 µl min⁻¹ and 200 µl min⁻¹, respectively. The change in temperature also had an effect on the number of cells removed from the plasma which was between 93.5 ± 0.65% and 97.01 ± 0.3% at 26.9 °C and 37 °C, respectively, using a flow rate of 100 µl min⁻¹. Due to its ability to operate in a wide range of conditions, it is envisaged that this device can be used in in vitro ‘lab on a chip’ applications, as well as a hand-held point of care (POC) device.